Evolution of enterprise resource planning system
As the business environment changes and the rapid development of information technology, enterprises face the challenges and problems gradually emerge, the old system shall be a lack of integration options a serious problem; but because of the increasingly complex business model Miscellaneous, for business process and systems integration, control the growing demand. The other hand, global enterprise Wind The rise of tide, in order to achieve rapid response, competitive advantage, businesses must effectively integrate the above the following tour, Cheng For a complete supply chain in order to obtain real-time enabling the integration of information for decision-making. As the corporate-owned Source planning system can effectively integrate enterprise resources, and the basis of the supply chain, therefore, the Department of Enterprise Resource Planning Unification has gradually become a widely used integrated enterprise information systems.
Recalling the market since 1960, changes in demand for properties and we can see, business operations and management methods have Evolution, in order to adapt to these changes, information systems must be updated constantly adjusted in order to maintain business operations and Competitiveness. Over the past within the enterprise information systems in response to a large number of multi-modes of production under the Health and Production management, inventory management, material requirements planning, and so features designed mostly closed and independent information on the Department of Integration. But with the market competition from economies of scale, into a large number of customization (Mass Customization) Patterns, business needs for information systems, but also into a diversified, real-time, integrating the information needs of Demand, there have island-style information system has been unable to meet the needs of enterprises, enterprise resource planning system is Against this background, the following is derived by the product of the following ERP system will be presented the evolution of history:
Material requirements planning (MRP I) phase (1970-1980 BC)
The evolution of ERP from the 1960s, companies began to build information technology applied to the activities of business operations Talked about, at different times businesses can use information technology as the changes in market conditions and demand vary. Such as in the 1970s, companies are faced with the producer-oriented market, consumer demand is the product Function and cost, while the market demand, focus on the product features and prices low, so the management of enterprises re - Point is that mass production to reduce costs and inventory control and management. Thus, in that period most of the software system Integration is based on traditional inventory concepts to deal with inventory issues, such as ordering point and the minimum inventory. However, in the Middle period of the 1970s, the impact of inflation, the traditional inventory management system has been unable to meet the needs of business operations, Production system design concepts with the concept of the above are being transferred to MRP. According to the U.S. Production and Inventory Control Society (American Production and Inventory Control Society, APICS) of the MRP is defined as: The That the Material Requirements Plan (Material Requirement Planning, MRP) is to use computing power (power energy), according to "dependency needs" and use the concept of BOM (Bill of Material, BOM), inventory data, And Master Production Scheduling (Master Production Schedule, MPS) to calculate the needs of a variety of materials, a group of software Technology. MRP spirit that is, according to the needs of time-series, scheduled for staff, materials, and capital goods investment Time workflow process. Toyota Production System, also known as just-time production (Just-In-Time, JIT), by the end Products began to take pull-type production. That is produced only by the above works under the project will receive the product. MRP system that is designed using the above mentioned concept of a set of software programs, which aims to plan Materials needed for the production of the manufacturing systems, and traditional static inventory management, and converted to dynamic inventory management, (Jakson 1998). The MRP system should include the major subsystems (function) include a list of materials (BOM), Master Production Scheduling (MPS), inventory management and order processing. Bureau of MRP systems perspective at this time regular Limited to raw materials and planning, and by relying on information systems closed system, rely on the user transaction-type of The data needed, and the result can only provide reference for decision support, and can not be passed on to the system as a further Processing.
Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) phase (1980-1990 BC)
This phase started to enter the consumer-oriented, market demand, focus on the diversification of products with high quality, prices Industry mode of production from the "less like same stuff" and "Set the Indian production" changed to "a small amount of diversity" and "decentralized production" Pattern. As the MRP system does not take into account the workers who load and machine capacity load, Task Scheduler, the Health Production facilities, process control of the scene (Shop Flow Control) and Distribution Management (Distribution Management) And other important topics leading to orders for forecasting and scheduling can not be combined schedule will not move fast counter - Products and orders should be change, change capacity scheduling can not be a timely response to production scheduling and material supply More missing. Therefore, the concepts of the production system design that can be changed by the MRP concepts that support this stage their focus of MRP II system. MRP II has a manufacturing, marketing, personal things, financial, project management, etc. Functions, in order to play the overall business performance, and provides a decision-making. And from the "material" concept Extended to the "manufacturing resources", is a combination of the first generation of MRP systems, financial analysis and business management functions The integrated manufacturing resource planning system. MRP II system, a step beyond the barriers of productive activities, but also further land To all activities within the enterprise resources are to be integrated to improve overall operational efficiency of enterprises so as to formulate able to reach their overall goals of the plan.
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