HOW TO RAISE MORALE :
• in the above discussion we have higl4ighted the factors which affect morale. A due Consideration of the above factors can lead to higher morale. Stimulators to high morale are: good wages, short hours of work, eliminr.tion : of fear, job security, somld promotion policy. cor.lpetent snpervisiDIl, able leadership, justice and square deal and recogmtion for good work done The more important an employee is made to feel about himself, his Job and the enterprise, the better his performance will be. E in the know of things" i.e., effective communieabon about company's policy, plans, progress, and problems promotes co-operahon and sense of participation that boosts morale of workers. Avoidance of conflict through joint consultation leans to , harmonious relations between employees and management.
PRODUCTIVITY it- :
For effective management.: measurement of productivity is essentiah Higher productivity overcomes delays and brings reduction be cost of of rice work. Employees can also hope to receive better wages if their productivity is high Lower productivity IS a sign of inefficiency and waste of efforts.
Meaning of Productivity. Productivity is the ratio between output .uld input. The output can be measured in terms of goods and services produced while impqt refers to the time, Labour and material spent to bring about a Roth -Peter Drucker defines productivity ' as that balance between ail factors of prounion that ulll give the greatest oltplll or the smallest effort "
This means that productivity ill be considered to be higher it the some product is obtained with limited means, it will be lower if'dle same pact is obtained by more quantity of means. Symbolically,
Measuring Lahour Productivity. Productivity of labour is tlre between the output and the mlmber of man hours worked Symbolicallv
Productihjtv of labour man hours worked . 14H
Here PL stands forproductivity of labour, O. for output lo terms of unhs or quantity or value of actual output and MH for amount of man hours spew , For exanq,le, il foul- typists fine 96 pages in 8 hours, theirproductrity
FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY (OR EFFICIENCY
Productinty of employees (i.e. Output per man hour) depends on two principal factors: (i) technological development i nd ii) employees' commitment andjob performa