Client
The client is the highest hierarchical level in an R / 3. Between individual clients, there are basically no cross-connections. The changes in one client settings apply to all Company codes. Different productive client will only result when imaged with a system of separate companies (for example, an external data center). The client is therefore basically identical with the group.
Company Code
A company code in SAP R / 3 system is a balance sheet entity. Man uses it only for legal entities. On the Basis of data from a company code to create balance sheet and income statement. At this level, all technical accounting activities take place which the R / 3 supported by the standard reports (examples: open item Screening,) foreign currency rating.
Between the company codes are cross-connections: First, certain basic data at the client level or chart of accounts level, led and are thus available for all company codes of the client (for Example: Document Types - Client-level general ledger accounts - accounts plan level), the other supports R / 3 so-called company code transactions. This requires that for each booking circular clearing accounts defined in the system, which can be automatically booked. The local currency and the control scheme must therefore be identical. If a legally independent company several company codes will need these are accounted for on the financial statements.
Business
A division is an internal organizational unit that is an economically separately considered equivalent to the area. The definition of the business is independent from other organizational units done thus, for example, multiple business units within a company code here (as an organizational definition) or a division are defined over a number of company codes. The division provides the ability to create internal balance sheet and income statement for the purpose. In addition, the division can be seen as demarcation criterion for evaluation be used.
The business is recognized in the document item. In addition, he may, in Master cost center to be defined (in the collection of the cost center is The division then automatically) added. In this way multiple cost centers are grouped into a business.
Controlling area
A controlling area is the organizational unit for cost accounting assigned. Each company code must be one controlling area be. In this way, internal transactions are recorded, and the data from financial accounting is enabled. A controlling area may include several company codes. This is for instance useful when multiple units of the balance sheet a joint cost to operate. If a company has two or more independent distributors and Cost should be centrally located in the administration, it lends itself in the distribution under a single controlling area to lead. The cost volume may nevertheless at any time for the entire company be (within a cost center hierarchy) are shown.
Results pane
As a result the area is the organizational unit of the income statement) (controlling. At the level of the result area are so-called characteristics and value fields deposited, used to define the resulting objects will. The result area can have multiple controlling areas (and Thus company codes) cover, enabling the definition of a uniform Result tree for several autonomous companies. In design phase were several alternatives for designing the organizational structure the Kunz AG designed. The eventual winner was in favor of the following structure.
The Kunz AG is SAP R / 3 organization managed as a client. Instead the earlier elf company codes exist only one remained. Main advantages this new approach are that consolidation will be no effort and also the effort in reconciling the subsidiary accounts Deleted. If the offices listed as company codes, which would R / 3, although the clearing effort between the company codes (also due to support the automatic transfer postings) the consolidation effort for the financial statements, however, would remain the same. Furthermore need for each branch circuit group preparation specific parameters set and will be maintained. The necessary effort, but stood no significant advantages over.
The specific for each branch office and present the results Balance sheet accounts is realized with the help of the division. For each branch thus, a business unit defined in the form of an additional posting carried in the document is. In addition, the business is clearly assigned to specific cost centers and cost center in accordance with ordinary defined. Once a cost center is specified in the document is this automatically assigned to the affected business.
For reporting the results R/3-Ergebnisrechnung (CO-PA) was implemented. The separation of the branches here will Kunz also at divisional level.
This change in the organizational structure had the following advantages:
• Flexible presentation of results for branch offices (operations)
• Presentation of general ledger accounts for operations (operations)
• Ability to create business budgets
• Use of standard reports in the financial accounting and cost of business boundaries
• Significant reduction in the vote effort, the future only if improperly assignment required (mechanical support) by Standard Reports
• Elimination of consolidation work |
