Villylester resills to Voltage

to Vocal cords

toward light and heat.
Vinyl ester resins. (Chem. Plast.) Much used in the form of sheet ma­terials, surface coatings. adhesives and molding compounds; odorless, tasteless. light in weight and slow burning.
Vinylidene chloride resins. (Chern. Plast.) The raw materials for this class of resin are crude oil and brine. Properties are high tensile strength, resistance to abrasion, noninflam­mable, easy to machine, good color range. Used for car seats, fish lead­ers, and as a bonding agent for abrasive wheels.
Vinyl resin. (Plast.) An important family of resins. (SEE POLYVINYL AND PLASTICS.)
Virgin tape. Untouched magnetic recording tape straight from manu­facturer.
Virtual earth. Point in circuit at zero a.c. voltage with respect to earth, and sometimes at zero apparent impedance for signal purposes.
Virtual image. The image formed when light is reflected or refracted: it cannot be thrown on to a screen.
Viscid. (phys.) Mucilaginous, sticky, or adhesive.
Viscosity. (Plas!.) The friction of a liquid substance against its carrier, and its resistance to flow. Said of oils or
resins. (phys.) The density of fluid, gauged by the rate at which it flows through a gauge pipe of standard length and diameter.
Viscous. (Chern.) Refers to thick or slow-flowing liquids.
Vise. (Shop wk. ) A mechanical con­trivance for holding a piece of wood or metal while it is being worked on. It consists essentially of two jaws, one fixed and one movable, the movable jaw being operated by a screw by means of which clamping action is secured. There are many forms of vises for differ­ent purposes.
Vise clamps. (Mach.) False jaws for a vise. They are made of brass or copper, imd are used over the faces of the hardened steel jaws to pre­vent bruishing the work. Visible IighL Waves in the electro­magnetic spectrum that humans can see.
Visibility. (Aero.) The greatest dis­tance at which conspicuous objects can be seen and identified.
Vista. (Arch.) A view, as along an avenue.
Visualize. To make visible; to form a mental picture or image.
Vitreous. (Chem.) Glassy; pertain­ing to glass, or having some of the propert'ies' of glass.
Vitreous humour. Clear jelly which fiBs the inside of the eye between the lens and the retina.
Vitrification. The state of a substance which is fused together by burn­ing.
Vitrified brick. (Masonry) A very hard paving brick burned 10 the point of vitrification and tough­ened by annealing.
Vixen file. (Shopwk.) A flat tile with curved cuts. particularly efficient on soft metals a'nd for filing round work in a lathc. Vocal cords. Folds in the muscles of Ihe larynx. The voice is produced

Vocal tract to Voltage regulator
when the edges vibrate as air is pushed between them.
Vocal tract. The passage from the larynx to the line which produces the voice.
Voice coil. A coil of wire attached to a speaker cone. When placed in the field of a magnet, the coil responds to the alternating signal from ~he amplifier, moving the. speaker cone back and forth in accordance with the frequency and intensity of the signal.
Voice-over. A voice speaking over other sounds; the addition of a nar­ration to the original sound track during post-production.
Voicing. Voicing may refer to the fine adjustment of a synthesiser to achieve a particular sound or effect. It also may refer to the careful equalisation of speaker/.amplifier system as in recording studio moni­tor or sound reinforcement system. Also applies to electronic or pipe organs. Vol. Volume.
Voids. (Engin.) Vacant spaces such as occur between broken particles of a substance, as stone, coal, etc.
Volatile. (Chern.) Capable of being rapidly vaporized. Volatile liquid. A liquid which vapo rizes readily.
Volt. (Elec.) The unit of electromotive force; electrical pressure.
Volta, Alessandro. (1745-1827). Ita­lian physicist. The unit of electrical pressure, the volt, was given his name in honour of his discoveries and inventions in electricity.
Voltage. Magnitude of electrical pres­sure or potential. Number of volts (V).
Voltage amplification. (Radio) The type of amplification of the radio signal attained in the R.F. (radio frequency) amplifier stages, which stresses the voltage amplification rather than power amplification as inA.F. (audio frequency) amplifier stages. Amplification of strength of signal before detection.
Voltage, control. A method of ad­justing a special type of circuit which responds to an external
. control voltage. Almost all musi­cal synthesiser operations are done using voltage control, and many automated mixing functions utilise voltage controlled circuitry. coltage controlled amplifier. Am­plifier with gain controlleable by an applied voltage.
Voltage controlled oscillator. Oscil­lator circuit in which frequency may be varied by a control ling voltage.
Voltage divider. (Elec.) Usually a resistor that can be tapped or ad­justed to provide variations of volt­age between its ends.
Voltag drop. (Elec.) The voltage con­sumed in forcing a current through a certain resistance or group of resistances connected in a single circuit.
Voltage regulator. (Auto.) A device of electromagnetically operated contact points and a resistance unit which, when connected in series with the field of an auto generator, reduces the generator's output when the battery reaches a prede­

Voltaic voltage to vulcanizing

termined voltage.
Voltaic cell. (Elec.) Primary cell. Name given to the cell first discov­ered by Volta. Sometimes call~ a . galvanic cell. It is a cell in which two dissimilar metals are immersed in a solution which is capable of acting chemically more upon one than on the other, to produce a dif­ference of potential (voltage) across the metals.
Volt-ampere. Product of voltage and current. Used when phase-angle prevents simple wattage calculation (VA).
Voltmeter. (Elec.) An instrument for determining voltage.
Volume control. Potentiometer used to adjust level of signal fed to power amplifiers section of audio system,,thus controlling electrical power delivered to loudspeaker and con­sequently the sound volume.
Volume unit. Type of audio signal level meter which does not respond accurately to short term tranient peaks. Useful for monitoring pro­gramme material with limited dy­namics
Volute (Arch. and Furn.) The spiral ornament or Ionic and Corinthian capitals.
Volute with easement (Arch. and Bldg.) A spiral part of a handrail, supplanting a newel post. The vo­lute or spiral is in a horizontal plane, and the ramp slopes to con­nect with the rising, slope of the handrail.
VR. Variable resistor (also RV). Vossoir (Arch.) One of the wedge­ shaped blocks of stone of which an arch is composed.
V thread (Mach. Shop) A screw thread whose section is V shaped, the included angle being 60 deg. It is similar to the U.S.S. thread, ex­cept that the V thread is sharp at the top and bottom, where U.S.S. or National thread has a flat equal to one-eighth pitch.
V-type engine .(Auto.) An engine with cylinder blocks arranged in a V shape. One crankshaft serves both banks of cyli.nders.
Vulcanite (Chern.) A compound of India rubber and sulphur, widely used in the industries. Nonelastic, hard rubber.
Vulcanizing (Chern.) (1) Treating crude India rubber with sulphur at a high temperature, thus increas­ing its strength and elasticity. (2)
The joining of two pieces of rub­ber by the application of cement and heat, as in patching an auto­mobile tire.

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